Establishing and Challenging Exhaustion of Insurance Policies: Recurring Issues, Factors to Consider, Below Limits Settlements

Course Details
- smart_display Format
On-Demand
- signal_cellular_alt Difficulty Level
Intermediate
- work Practice Area
Insurance
- event Date
Tuesday, July 11, 2023
- schedule Time
1:00 p.m. ET./10:00 a.m. PT
- timer Program Length
90 minutes
-
This 90-minute webinar is eligible in most states for 1.5 CLE credits.
This CLE course will review what constitutes exhaustion of an underlying policy, how policyholders can prove it, and how insurers can establish or challenge exhaustion.
Faculty

Mr. Seaman is a commercial litigator and trial lawyer with more than 35 years of experience. Scott is widely regarded as one of the leading attorneys in the United States representing insurers and reinsurers in property and casualty matters. He is known for employing his deep knowledge of the law and insurance industry, strategic thinking, and honed trial and appellate advocacy to produce creative solutions and outstanding results for clients. Clients regularly turn to Scott and his team for counsel and representation in challenging and high-stakes insurance and business matters. Mr. Seaman has a long track record of successfully representing companies before trial courts, appellate courts, and arbitration panels across the country in a variety of cases and matters involving general liability coverage (primary, umbrella, and excess), professional liability coverage, directors and officers liability insurance, first-party property coverage, bad faith and extra-contractual matters, fee disputes, and facultative and treaty reinsurance contracts. He also advises and represents companies on cyber, privacy, data breach, IoT, nanotechnology, gig economy, viruses and pandemics, representations and warranties, transactional insurance, social unrest, ESG, climate change, and other emerging issues, as well as a wide-range of case-specific and portfolio issues. He also has handled a variety of challenging international, professional liability, health/life science, director and officer liability, tort and product liability, and business and commercial cases.
He was named to the inaugural list of Midwest Trailblazers by The American Lawyer magazine for his "high-profile, complex insurance coverage cases nationwide, which resulted in precedent setting rulings that have altered insurance law." He is co-author of Allocation of Losses in Complex Insurance Coverage Claims (11th Ed. 2023) He is ranked Band I by Chambers USA.

Mr. Hermanson represents primary and excess insurance carriers in high-exposure litigation on contested coverage matters. Over a 30-year career, he has litigated more than two hundred cases, and successfully advised on hundreds more, in almost every U.S. state and the District of Columbia. Mr. Hermanson serves as Chair of the ABA Tort Trial and Insurance Practice Section (TIPS), Self-Insurers and Risk Management Committee; Vice-Chair of the ABA TIPS Insurance Coverage Litigation Committee; and past chair of the Boston Bar Association (BBA) Insurance Law Subcommittee. In 2019 he was elected to the American College of Coverage Counsel.

Mr. Kronenberg, senior Los Angeles litigator, represents clients in a wide range of complex commercial litigation, including defending clients in consumer, employment, insurance and securities lawsuits, and government investigations. He has served as lead counsel for clients such as Aptive Environmental, Banc of California, Beazley Group, Blackstone, Citibank, KKR, L3 Technologies, LG Display, Lion Capital, Nature Home Flooring, Pinnacle Foods, SiriusXM Radio, Siris Capital, Vivint, Inc., Vivint Solar, Vivo Capital, Whittaker, Clark & Daniels and Yingli. Mr. Kronenberg has been recognized by The Legal 500 in multiple categories, including Securities Litigation, Insurance and Appellate. In addition, he has been named by Benchmark Litigation as a California “Litigation Star” and a “Labor & Employment Star.”
Description
Even for the most experienced professionals, proving or challenging insurance policy exhaustion can be burdensome and costly. The policyholder generally has the burden of proof, but insurers may will want to test claims of underlying exhaustion, including sometimes seeking review of how the underlying insurer handled and treated underlying claims. Excess carriers sometimes dispute whether all claims paid by underlying policies should be counted toward the applicable underlying limit. Often disputes arise between insurers. Proving proper underlying exhaustion is seldom straightforward.
The parties must have a plan and be aware of their options. Determining how multiple policies with differing language and coverages relate to each other sometimes may appear to be its own Augean task, including ascertaining which policies follow form to what underlying coverage, factoring the impact of other-insurance, non-cumulation and other policy provisions, and considering how multi-year, "stub" policies and policy extensions affect applicable limits.
Courts differ as to whether horizontal or vertical exhaustion is required both in pro rata and “all sums” jurisdictions. Courts also differ on what constitutes "exhaustion," what proof of exhaustion is required, and how to prove exhaustion when a settlement or judgment encompasses covered and uncovered claims, such as a settlement that includes a release of uncovered punitive damages claims. Counsel also should understand whether a settlement with one insurer for less than its full policy limits concurrently precludes access to any overlying excess coverage--policy language and case law (Qualcomm and others) continue to develop in this area. Indeed, functional exhaustion has been the most important excess insurance issue over the past couple of decades.
Listen as the panel discusses what factors must be shown to establish exhaustion, the various types of evidence, data, statistics, and other tools to show exhaustion, and the best approaches for counsel.
Outline
- Overview of exhaustion
- Factors to establish exhaustion
- Types of evidence, data, statistics, and other tools to show exhaustion
- Problems encountered in showing exhaustion
- Best strategies for showing exhaustion
Benefits
The panel will review these and other issues:
- What are some of the recent key decisions on exhaustion?
- How do underlying policy language and wording affect exhaustion?
- What types of experts are needed?
- How is exhaustion shown through loss runs, claims data, and various types of allocations?
- Is exhaustion ever possible with a below-limits settlement under the underlying policies?
Unlimited access to premium CLE courses:
- Annual access
- Available live and on-demand
- Best for attorneys and legal professionals
Unlimited access to premium CPE courses.:
- Annual access
- Available live and on-demand
- Best for CPAs and tax professionals
Unlimited access to premium CLE, CPE, Professional Skills and Practice-Ready courses.:
- Annual access
- Available live and on-demand
- Best for legal, accounting, and tax professionals
Related Courses

Insurance Carrier Intervention in Underlying Tort Cases: Options for Preserving Coverage-Related Facts
Thursday, May 29, 2025
1:00 p.m. ET./10:00 a.m. PT

Foreign Tortfeasors and Subrogation: Why Typical Approaches Fail; Alternative Negotiation Strategies
Tuesday, April 1, 2025
1:00 p.m. ET./10:00 a.m. PT

Insurance Bad Faith Litigation: Strategies and Practical Tools to Successfully Resist Entry of Protective Orders
Friday, April 25, 2025
1:00 p.m. ET./10:00 a.m. PT
Recommended Resources
Navigating Modern Legal Challenges: A Comprehensive Guide
- Business & Professional Skills
- Career Advancement
Your Guide to Professional Development with BARBRI
- Learning & Development
- Business & Professional Skills
- Career Advancement
- eDiscovery
Building Your Book: Strategies to Secure Long-Term Success
- Business & Professional Skills
- Career Advancement
- Talent Development